He Aha te Take o ngā Tae Whakapuaki Hōu i te Whakauru Pūtahi Tauparoro me te Hanganga Rorohiko

Te Mahi Nui o ngā Tae Whakapuaki i te Whakauru Pūtahi Tauparoro Whaimana

Te Whakahua Rīpoata me te Whakaū Huanga

He whakapuakitanga nui ngā tōrunga hēmi i te whakamahere hapa ki ngā ara hiko iti-kore, e whai ana i te whakatutuki i te whakahaere tika o ngā PBC. E hanga ana ngā tōrunga hēmi pai ki te whakarite i te mana o te pūmanawa, ina kaua e whiu ki te mōhiohio me te rere i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko. Ko te tuhinga a te Rorohiko o ngā Matū Hiko e whakaatu nei, e āheinga ana te paetahi o ngā tōrunga hēmi i te whakatutuki o te pūmanawa. E whakaaro ana te whakapuaki o ngā tōrunga hēmi, ā, te huihuinga o ngā mete e whakamahi ana, i te whakawhanake hiko me te urupare hoki o te whakahaere katoa. Nā reira, ka taea te whiriwhiria i te tino hēmi e pai ana hei whakapai i te whakahaere me te tahuri o ngā pūnaha hiko.

Te Whakahaere Kahu i ngā Pūnaha Totoro-Nui

He mea nui te whakamahere kōmuri hei whakarite i te kaiwhakangungu wāhi āmiro ki roto i ngā pūtahi tūtohu e tino tirotiro ana, e hiahiatia ana hei whakatika i ngā take o ngā mōhiohinga ā-tāngata. He raru te kore whakangungu; ka kitea he waipiro nui, e āheinga ana ki ngā take waipiro e āhei ana ki te whakarerekē i te mahi o ngā mōhiohinga. Ki te whakaaetanga i te tuhinga i roto i te kōwhatu Advanced Materials Research, e āhei ana ngā kōmuri matua ki te whakamana i ngā wāhi āmiro nui, e whakawhiwhia ana i te whakahaere waipiro me te whakaū. Ko tēnei haere pai e hiahia ana, inā he mea nui, ēngari i te wā e mahi ana ngā pūtahi i waenganui i ngā take whakapae, ka whakamana anō te take matua o ngā kōmuri i te whakahaere i ngā take waipiro.

Te Wānanga Whakarite i te Pūtake Minitanga

Te whakamātau i te korenga o te hāpai rīhi ki te whakarite i te tūnuku whakapai mō te oranga matua o ngā hononga hāpai rīhi. Ko te rangahau i roto i ngā Putanga IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology e whakaatu ana he mea nui te noho pai o ngā tūnuku hāpai rīhi hei whakatupu i te wā katoa o ngā huinga PCB. E āheinga ana te hāpai rīhi ki te whakarerekētanga i te hono mō te wā, engari ka whakahēi te pūtake hāpai rīhi pai ki te hāpai rīhi, e whiwhi ana i te itinga o ngā karauna hono. Ko tēnei whenua e whakamana ana i te mea ko ngā huia āhua me ngā whakapono e tutuki nei i a rātou wawata mō te wā, e mahi ana he mea nui te mana o ngā tūnuku hāpai rīhi pai mō te whakapai i ngā huinga PCB.

Me pēhea te Whakatipu Hāpai Rīhi Pai hei Kawe i ngā Pūtake Whakaputa

Te Itiiti i te Whakapai Hononga i ngā Kōmponenti Fine-Pitch

He hanganga nui ngā rākau whakapipi hōiho pai tuatahi ki te whiwhi i ngā taumahi pipi tika, me te iti i te pūtake o ngā take kaiwhakaheke pipi i roto i ngā mōhioitanga rorohiko. Ki te tika ngā taumahi e whakapipihia ana, ka noho wehe ngā paerau tuatahitia i runga i ngā mōhioitanga e tata ana, kia kore ai ngā whawhapo o ngā huarahi. Ko te whakamahere ake i ngā momo pūngao pipi e āheinga ana, he whakangungu hoki i te whakapipi o ngā mōhioitanga rorohiko me ngā mōhioitanga rorohiko iti, me te whakapai i te pai o ngā hononga katoa. Nā ngā tatauranga, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā take kaiwhakaheke pipi i waenganui i te 30%, inā he whakaaturanga i te pai o te whakapae.

Te Pāpōti i ngā Kākano Whero ki te Wānanga Tika o ngā Momo Toiora

Ko te whakarite i te whakaaetanga tōmua o te toiora he mea nui ki te whakamutu i ngā hainuku, e whakaheke ana i ngā hapa i ngā waehere. E ai ki ngā kōrero, ka puta ngā hainuku i te mea ko ngā hononga toiora he iti rawa rānei, he kore rawa rānei te whakapae, ā, ka whakawhiti i te mahi me te whakatika o ngā whiuwhiu matū. I whakaatu haeretia e ngā rangahau, ko ētahi atu pūnaha toiora e whai ake nei i te whakanui me te whakapakari i ngā hononga toiora, e tiaki ana i ngā hononga kia māhorahora me te kohikohinga. Ki te whakamahi i ngā toiora pai utu, ka taea e koe te whangaihanga i ngā hainuku e hunga nei i te 40%, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā hapa hangaihanga me te whakapai i te whakatika o te mahi.

Te Whakaiti i ngā Whakairo BGA

Kei te whakangungu ngā toko kēmu matua ki te iti iho i te hanga o ngā pūnaha kōwhiri (Ball Grid Array - BGA), e mahi ana hoki ki te whakapai i te tiari kīreki. Ka āheinga nui ngā pūnaha nei i te huringa ā-wera me te huringa ā-rorohiko o ngā tūtohi ā-mahi, ka taea hoki e rātau te whakatipu i te werawera me te mokemoke i ngā huarahi o ngā paetae. Nā reira, he mea nui te whakarite paihere kēmu hei whakamana i te tuhinga whakaheke me te whakahaere ā-pūnaha o ngā hononga BGA. He mea kuhuna ngā rangahau kei te whakaiti i ngā toko kēmu matua i ngā āhuatanga whakaputu, e whakapai ana i te tiari me te roa o ngā huihuinga PCB. I te taiao, ko te whakamahi i ngā momo kēmu pai he tūranga whakaaetanga hei whakapai i ngā hua hanga me te wehewehe i te wā e tae nei i te hanga i ngā tūtohi.

Nga Āhuatanga Matua o ngā Toko Kēmu Pai mō ngā Rorohiko

Te Whakarite Pūnaha Mō te Whakahaere

Ko te whakamātau nui ake i te painga o ngā kōtiwhai ki te tae, he mea nui ki te whakahaere pai o te mahi whakapipi. Nā ngā kōtiwhai pipi hiranga pai me ngā āhuatanga tae mōhio kia iti ai te uiui o te pūngao tae e āheinga ana i ngā waho, ka mate hoki ngā hangarau, ka puta mai hoki ngā momo whakapipihanga kē. I mua atu, ko te whakahaere pai o ngā painga tae i roto i ngā rautaki, ka noho whakarerekētia te whakahaere, ka tiakina hoki ngā pai o ngā pūnaha whakapipi.

Te Whakaaro Taea i te Flux ki te Whakahaere Atu i ngā Momotuhi Rawa

He whakatakoto hangarau ngā kōtiwhai pipi hiranga pai hei whakaae me ngā momo flux, hei whakamahere pai mō ngā whakahaere rawa momotuhi. Ko tēnei whakaaetanga he mea nui ki te iti i ngā flux whaiwhai, me te whakaiti i ngā hapa, ka whakatika hia anō hoki te whakawehenga o ngā hononga pipi. Ki te tiakina te mahi pai o te flux me te pipi, ka whakapai anō te whiu me te mahi pai o ngā hononga ki ngā momotuhi rawa, ka whakatūria hoki ngā hononga matatika me ngā hononga tūmanako.

Ngā Paerewa Hiranga Metallurgical (IPC/J-STD)

Te whakamahere i ngā ture here tapu metallurgical, pērā i ngā ture IPC/J-STD, he mea nui mō te whakarite me te paetanga o ngā toko whakapiri i roto i te hanga whiuwhiu. Ka toitū ake ngā āheinga whakapiri nui hei whakangaro i ngā hoko e taea ana kia whakawhaiti i te haurapa me te roa o te wā. Ko te whaihere ki enei ture he taumata whakamatau mō te whakarite o ngā toko whakapiri, e tirotiro ana ki te mea he pai rātou ki ngā here whakawaehau o te whenua, me te whakaora i te whakarite whānui o ngā huinga whiuwhiu.

Ngā Toko Whakapiri Pūkana: Ngā Whakahaere Nohoanga

Ngā Toko Whakapiri Pūkana Zhengxi mō te Whakapiri Tino Tika

Nā ngā tohu whakatō arai-aio Zhengxi i whakaatu te mīharo i te tūmahi wana i runga i ōna rautaki matataki me te whakawhitinga, e mahi ana hei whakarite i aua heke ki ngā momo tūmahi wana ā-iwi. Nā ngā pūtake matua o ēnei tohu i puta ai ngā hononga kawe-arai maha me te tūmanako, e hāngai ana ki te whakapae mō te roanga o ngā huihuinga rorohiko. Kei roto i ētahi iwi, mai i ngā rorohiko whaiwhai ki te rākau whare whakatere, ka whakahē ngā tohu whakatō arai-aio Zhengxi nā runga i ō rātou hiranga matataki me te tūmahi, e hiahia ana ki ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana te whakapono me te tika. Ka hangaia ēnei tohu whakatō arai-aio kia meatia ngā tono whakamārama a ngā pūkenga e hiahia ana ki te tūmahi rorohiko whakatō arai-aio.

Kiore Tītoko Rākau Electrician Whakapuaki ā-wheako Whakapuakenga Tītoko Rākau

Ko ngā tohu whakatō arai-aio a Zhengxi i hangaia hei tūmahi matataki mō ngā tūmahi wana. Kua kitea i te hunga matataki nui, ka hangaia ēnei tohu ki ngā hononga kawe-arai maha, e pai ana ki ngā iwi katoa mo te whakapae me te hiranga.

Nga Tohu Whakapai Matihiko Whakamahia Nga Rawhiti Pai

Whakatipu i te Putunga Whakapai Wae

Ko te whakatipu i te putunga whakapai wae me ngā kōwhai whakapaipai he hokinga nui mo te whakapai i te wehi o te hanganga. E angitu ana enei rauemi matihiko whakapaipai i te whakapai i te wetting, a e tirotiro ana ki te iti i nga pūtake, kia mana ai nga hononga me te pai rawa. Ki te whakamahi i nga kōwhai tika, ka heke i nga mahi kē, a ka whakahokia ano te taumata katoa o te hanganga, me te whakapai haere i te utu. Apopo, ko te kawe tonu i te mohiotanga kei te whakaiti i nga rama i te whakatipu nei, me te whakanui i nga tikanga hanga pai. Ki te whakaae ki nga rauemi pai, ka taea e nga hangaanga kia whakapai ake noa iho te wehi, a ka whakapai ake hoki te whakaheke i nga raupapa hanga.

Whakapai Kauwhata i waenganui i nga Taiao Aha

Nō te mahi whakarite hāngai, ka nui te paunga i te whakamahi i ngā kiriwhara hāngai matua, ētahi wā i roto i ngā taiao nitrogen. Ko te nitrogen e āwhina ana ki te iti i te whakaputu—a he take tūmatawhiti i te wā o te hāngai—nā reira ka puta ai ngā hāngai ake me te whakapono anake. Ko te rangahau e whakaatu ana ko te hononga i waenganui i te taiao nitrogen me te hāngai pai rawa e whai ana i te whiu matua o ngā hāngai, ā, i muri iho ka puta te utu pai ake. Ko tēnei kaupapa he pai tētahi mō ngā whenua e hiahia ana ki te tinana me te tahuri pai o ngā hāngai. Ki te whakatūria he taiao pai me te whakamahi i ngā kiriwhara hāngai pai rawa, ka taea e ngā hangaitanga te whai i te whakatika pai i ngā hāngai.