Qhov sib txawv ntawm tin mov thiab kev thov tau nthuav dav

Tin: cov hlau uas tsis tshua muaj melting point nrog ntau yam kev siv

1.1 Siv cov tin thiab nws cov khoom sib xyaw

Tin yog cov hlau uas tsis tshua muaj melting point nrog nyiaj-dawb xim hlau luster, ntshiab tin yog mos, zoo ductility nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, ruaj khov khoom, tsis yooj yim rau oxidized, thiab feem ntau tuav lub ci iab nyiaj luster. Cov ntsiab lus tin nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust yog 0.004%, yuav luag tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cassite (tin oxide), ntxiv rau ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm tin sulfide deposits. Raws li ib qho ntawm "khoom siv" (kub, nyiaj, tooj liab, hlau, tin), tin tau siv los ntawm tib neeg thaum ntxov li 2000 BC. Tin hlau muaj ntau yam kev siv. Vim nws qhov qis melting point, zoo ductility, yooj yim rau cov alloys nrog ntau cov hlau, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, corrosion kuj thiab zoo nkauj tsos, tin yog dav siv nyob rau hauv electronics, zaub mov, tsheb, tshuaj, textile, kev tsim kho, handicraft manufacturing thiab lwm yam lag luam. . Kev lag luam saw ntawm tin hlau ua tiav. Lub sab sauv ntawm tin kev lag luam saw yog lub mine, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau tin mining thiab tin concentrate ntau lawm; Qhov nruab nrab ncav cuag yog refined tin, uas ua rau tin alloys, tin organic compounds, tin inorganic tebchaw, tin cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam khoom; Downstream yog tin cov ntawv thov, suav nrog kev lag luam hluav taws xob, kev lag luam tshuaj, kev lag luam tsheb, thiab lwm yam.

Daim ntawv thov downstream ntawm tin yog dav heev, thiab kev lag luam concentration yog siab. Kev siv cov tin feem ntau yog concentrated hauv tin alloy, tin chemicals, tin cov ntaub ntawv, lead-acid roj teeb, ntawm cov tin solder nyob rau hauv tin alloy, tin phaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tin, tin chemical khoom account rau ib tug kuj zoo feem. Tin solder yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, uas plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm mechanical kev twb kev txuas, hluav taws xob kev twb kev txuas thiab tshav kub exchanger. Tinplate yog siv los tsim cov ntawv tinned, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom ntim khoom noj thiab dej haus; Tin compounds tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv raw rau ceramic glaze, mordant rau luam ntawv thiab dyeing silk fabrics, kub stabilizer rau plastics, nrog rau fungicides thiab tshuaj tua kab.

1.2 Kev faib tawm thoob ntiaj teb cov peev txheej tin yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab cov khoom muag tau poob qis ib xyoos ib zaug.

Lub ntiaj teb cov peev txheej tin feem ntau yog muab faib rau hauv Suav teb, Indonesia thiab Myanmar, thiab cov peev txheej ntawm peb lub tebchaws no suav txog 52% ntawm lub ntiaj teb reserves. Raws li 2022 Mineral Summary tso tawm los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Geological Survey, thoob ntiaj teb tin reserves hauv 2021 yog 4.9 lab tons. Ntawm lawv, Tuam Tshoj tus tin reserves ntawm 1.1 lab tons, accounting rau 22% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tag nrho reserves, qeb duas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Indonesia thiab Myanmar nyob rau qib thib ob thiab thib peb hauv tin reserves, 800,000 tons thiab 700,000 tons, raws li, accounting rau 16% thiab 14% ntawm reserves. Txij li xyoo 2010, tag nrho cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb LME tin tau poob qis. Yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv 3 yam nram qab no: 1, tin peev nyiaj txais txiaj ntsig tsis zoo, qhov nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov crust tsuas yog 0.004%, yog qhov qis tshaj ntawm cov hlau tseem ceeb. Lub ntiaj teb cov tin deposits yog me me thiab tawg, thiab ntau dua 60% ntawm cov peev txheej tsis muaj nyiaj txiag, nrog rau tam sim no tsuas yog 4.9 lab tons. 2. Cov dej num mining uas twb muaj lawm feem ntau ntsib teeb meem ntawm cov peev txheej thiab cov qib poob qis. Piv txwv li, SAN rafael mine hauv Minsur, Peru, muaj qib ntawm 5-10% thaum pib ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab tam sim no tsuas yog 1-2%. 3. Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, KEVID-19 tau cuam tshuam rau cov khoom lag luam ntawm tin mining, ntxiv rau qhov kev thov ntau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv, uas tau ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm cov tin.