Lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog ntawm tin

Hlau tin yog mos, yooj yim rau khoov, nrog nyiaj-dawb xim hlau luster, melting point 231.89℃2260, ib℃, non-toxic. Tin belongs rau plaub lub ntsiab tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, atomic tooj 50, atomic hnyav 118.71, lub cim cim Sn, tin yog malleable ntawm chav tsev kub. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm 100 ° C, lub malleability yog zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyias nyias, uas tuaj yeem ua nyias li 0.04 hli lossis tsawg dua. Tab sis cov ductility tsis zoo heev, rub yuav tawg, tsis tuaj yeem rub mus rau hauv cov hlau zoo.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tin yog cov hlau uas ntshai ntawm ob qho tib si txias thiab kub, thiab cov duab ntawm tin yog txawv kiag li ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Tin nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 13.2 ~ 161 ° C, qhov xwm ntawm tin yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws, hu ua "dawb tin".

Thaum kub poob qis dua 13.2°C, tin yuav maj mam tig mus rau hauv cov hmoov xoob xws li cov hmoov tshauv. Tshwj xeeb ntawm -33℃los yog muaj ntsev liab (SnCl4•2NH4Cl) kua dej cawv, qhov kev hloov pauv no tau nrawm heev. Qhov no "kab mob" ntawm tinkuj tseem tuaj yeem xa mus rau lwm qhov "hmoov" tin, thiab ntev npaum li cov tin dawb hits grey tin, txawm tias nws hits me ntsis, cov tin dawb yuav sai thiab tag nrho hloov mus rau grey tin. Qhov tshwm sim hu ua tin epidemic. Hmoov zoo, yog tias koj yaj cov kab mob tin dua, nws yuav rov zoo. Yog vim li cas rau kev kis kab mob tin yog vim qhov siv lead ua lattice ntawm tin tau hloov pauv: nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, tin yog square crystal qauv, hu ua dawb tin. Thaum koj khoov lub tin sawb, koj tuaj yeem hnov lub suab swish, uas yog vim cov pob zeb dawb ntawm cov square crystal system rub tawm ib leeg thaum lawv khoov. Vim tias cov tin ntshai txias, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob khov lub tin thaum lub caij ntuj no. Muaj ntau cov khoom hlau welded nrog tin kuj yog impervious rau khov. Xyoo 1912, pab pawg neeg txawv teb chaws Antarctic mus ncig ua si mus rau Antarctic ntoj ke mus kawm, cov roj av siv tau welded nrog tin, nyob rau hauv Antarctic dej khov thiab daus, lub solder hloov mus ua hmoov grey tin, thiab cov roj av tag nrho tawm.

Tin ntshai tshav kub thiab txias. Tshaj 161℃, dawb tin yog hloov mus rau hauv rhombic tin nrog ib tug siv lead ua qauv ntawm lub rhombic system. Rhomboxy tin yog nkig heev, nws tawg thaum nws yog khob, thiab lub malleability tsis zoo, hu ua "nkig tin".

Dawb tin, grey tin thiab brittle tin yog peb allotropes ntawm tin thiab lawv cov yam tsis muaj raws li nram no: Dawb tin yog tetragonal, nrog cell tsis raws li nram no: a = 0.5832nm, c = 0.3181nm, 4 Sn atoms nyob rau hauv lub cell, ceev. 7.28g / cm³, tawv 2;

Grey tin yog lub pob zeb diamond-zoo li cubic siv lead ua kab ke nrog cov cell tsis raws li hauv qab no: a = 0.6489nm, 8 Sn atoms hauv cell, thiab qhov ceev ntawm 5.75g / cm³.

Brittle tin yog ib qho orthorhombic system nrog qhov ceev ntawm 6.54g / cm³.

Muaj 14 isotopes ntawm tin, 10 ntawm cov isotopes ruaj khov: tin 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 124.

Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm tin yog qhov ruaj khov heev, thiab nws tsis yooj yim rau oxidized nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, yog li nws feem ntau tuav ib tug silvery luster. Kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis ntawm tin dioxide yog tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm tin nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation yog ceev nyob rau hauv cov cua kub. Tin tetrahalide yog tsim los ntawm cua sov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tin thiab halogen. Nws kuj reacts nrog sulfur; Tin yog ruaj khov rau dej, soluble hauv dilute acid maj mam, soluble hauv concentrated acid sai dua; Tin tuaj yeem yaj hauv cov tshuaj alkaline muaj zog; Nws yuav raug corroded nyob rau hauv acidic daws ntawm ntsev xws li ferric chloride thiab zinc chloride.