Ko te pūkeko whakapuaki he mea nui tōnuitia i roto i te hanganga PCB, e whai ana i ngā hapa iti rima—ingoa noa tinawhenua rānei ko te pūoro—e tuhi ana i runga i tētahi pūtau kawe, ā, ka whai ake ngā mea whakaritea. Ko tēnei maminga kawe he wāhanga e mahi ai i waenganui i ngā mōhiohio matihiko ki te PCB, me whai ake he mea nui tōnuitia mō ngā mahi hanga pai. Ki te kitea tana whakariterite, ka ea te whakamahi i a ia i mua i tētahi pūtirotiro rānei, ka whakamahia tonu i roto i tētahi poraka rānei ki te whakaputa.
He nuinga ngā momo pūkeko whakapuaki e whakarite ana mō ngā tūranga ētahi atu, pērā i ngā pūkeko korepūoro me ngā momo wehewehe-temperetū. Ko ngā pūkeko korepūoro, he mea nui ki te takawaenga i ngā ture hauora me ngā taiao, ka whakamahia tonu i roto i ngā rorohiko whakamārama, motokā, me ngā whenuatanga o te rangi. Ki ia momo, ka whakatakoto hei whakarite i ngā hiahia mahi ā-tau rānei me ngā huanga temperetū, e tiakina nei te whakapono me te pai mō te tūranga.
Kāore i whai wāhi te mahi o te pēra hāpū ki te whakamana i ngā hononga rīpora hoki. Ko ia te mea matua i te hanga i ngā hononga mōhiohia me ngā hononga pūmotu e whakarite ana i te tika o ngā whiuwhiu ā-rorohiko. Apopo hoki, ko te paetanga o te pēra hāpū e āheinga ana ki te whaihua me te roa o te whiuwhiu. Ko te pēra kore-kapaea ka puta i te nui o ngā take hapa i runga i ngā hononga hāpū, e whakaaro nui ana i te whakamana o te whiuwhiu. Hei tauira, ko ngā rautaki e whakaatu ana he nui ake te whakapae i ngā hapa o te kōrero me te whakawhaiti i ngā hononga hāpū, e whakaū ana i te hāngaiatanga mō ngā momo matāmua pai i te wā o te hanga.
He whakahirahira ngā wāhi taunga tōmua mō te pūkeke kaiwhakapu tohu ki te whakamātau i tana pai me te wehewehe. Ko te wāhi mōhiohio he waho iho i te 10°C, me te umu tawhito o 40-60%. Ko tēnei e āwhina ki te whakahē ki te whakarerekētanga me te whakarereatanga o te pūkeke. Ko te umu nui me te huringa hau iti ka taea e ia te whakamānuka mai rānei o te pūkeke, nō reira ka whāia tōna tahitahinga, e whakaaroaro ana i tana mahi i te wa o te whakapu.
Ko te whakamahi i ngā wāhi kīwaha me te whakarite i te pūkeke kaiwhakapu i tōna kawe mōhiohio he mea nui ki te whakamātau i tōna tupeka. Nā ēnei whakariterite kawe ka tiakina i te whakapā hei whakarerekētanga me te whakarereatanga o te pūkeke kaiwhakapu. Ko te tirotiro i te mea nā ka noho pūmau ai ngā wāhi kīwaha ka whakaiti haeretia te hē ki te whakarerekētanga o te pūkeke.
Te whakahaere o te wehewehe nui rawa atu hei whakamārama i tētahi huarahi matua. Ka taea e te pūkeke kawe te whakaatu i ngā wehewehe ki ngā wāhi whakatupu, ka rerekē ēnei i tōna māhoratanga, ka whai ake he waehanga ki te whakamahi, ka horomia hoki tōna haurongo. Ki te tiakina pai i roto i ngā wāhanga wehewehe e hāngai ana, ka mau tonu te pūkeke kawe i tōna māhoratanga i hangaia ai, ka taea te mahi pai o ngā mahi kawe.
Ka nui ake ngā mahi pai o te tiakina pai i te pūkeke kawe i runga i te mea ka noho whakamana; ka noho heoi anō hei whakatīnaki i tana wā kai hoki, ka whakapai hoki i tana haurongo. Ko te whakaaro a ngā tohunga ko te mea nei ka rua te wā kai o te pūkeke kawe, ka heke i te rite, ka whai haurongo pai i te hanga o ngā raraunga.
Te whakahaere tika o te pūhoro tinana he mea nui mo te whakapakari i tana haurapa me te whakatinanatia o te ratonga kua rite ki roto i nga mahi whakamahere eketanga. Whakapae mai ki te whakaae i te pūhoro tinana ki te werawera o te whare, ki mua ano i te whakamahi. Ko te pai rawa he whakaae i te pūhoro tinana ki te werawera o te whare motuao ki te po, heoi pea mo te wa e tuarua tekau nei iwi. E ai ki tenei ka whai wawe iho te whakaae, ka noho haumaru ake nga horopaki o te pūhoro, penei i te kotekote, ka whakamanawa i tana whakamahi i te wa o te whakapuaki.
Ki te mutu te pūhoro i te werawera o te whare, ka tukua te wa tuatahi hei whakawehenga i te pai o te porowhita, e hiahia ana ki te whakakore i nga kohinga me te whakangungu pai. Me te raparapa, whakawehenga i te pūhoro mo te wa e tata nei ki te meneti kotahi, hei whakakotahi i nga mea e kitea nei i waenganui. Kia kitea koe i nga whakawehenga matihiko, kei whakarerekētia e ra nga horopaki rheological, ka paunga i te pai o te pūhoro.
Kei te whiwhi i ngā pūtake whakamutunga me te kawe ake i ngā tūmomo whakamutunga, e ākitia ana i te pai me te pono o ngā honanga uhi. Hei wāhanga i tēnei, whakamahia ngā tāngata horoi me ngā rautaki whakahaere mō te hoki i te pātikitiki, muri i te whakahoki ki te tuhituhi, me te tirotiro i te waiporoporo e whakarite ana i te wā, hei whakatika i ngā pūnaha whakahaere. Ki te whai i ēnei kaupapa pai, e āhei ai ngā hangaahi ki te whakapai i te mahi pai me te pono o ngā whakahaere pātikitiki.
Kei te whiwhi i ngā ra kua noho i te pātikitiki ka puta mai ngā whakamutunga nui i te whakangungu, e huringa ana i ngā hua pai o te uhi. Kei ngā rangahau, kei te heke tonu i te pai o te pātikitiki i muri i tana wā kua noho, e whakapae ana i te whakapai me te taurangi rīpeka. Kāore e taea te whakamahi i te pātikitiki i muri i te wā kua riro i te kaiwhakahaere, hei whakatika i te pai rawa i ngā mahi uhi.
He tāhuhu atu hoki ngā tikanga whakarato i ēnei e āheinga ki te whakaiti i te pai o te poraka tinana. Nō te mea ko ngā wāhanga nui ko te whakarato i te poraka tinana i waenganui i ngā wehewehe kahurangi, e whai ake ana ki te rereake o mua rānei, ki te whakatētētanga. Ki te pērā i tēnei, whakarato kaimahi i te poraka tinana ki roto i te hauwhare huarara, whakamana i ngā wehewehe kahurangi i waenganui i -20 to 10°C. Ko te whakataunga nei e whai ake nei hei āwhina i te whakamahia i tana wā tono me te whakamahia i tana tūponotanga me tana mahi i runga i te wā.
Ki te pērā i tēnei, he whakapīmatahi nui te whakapae i ngā wā tono me ngā wā whakarato o te poraka tinana. Whakapīmatahi ake i ngā kōpaki i te rā o te whakaputa mai i te hauwhare huarara, me whakauru i aua ki ngā rawa FIFO (First In-First Out). Ko tēnei whakataunga ka taea te whakamahi i te poraka tinana tuatahitia, me te iti i ngā rerekētanga, me te whakamana i te pai o te mahi.
Te whakapakari i ngā kaiwhakangungu i ngā momo hangarau tika mō te whakahaere o te solder paste he mea nui ki te iti i ngā hapa me te whakamaharatanga i te pai o te mahi. Ki te whakangungutia ngā kaimahi i ngā tikanga, te rokiroki, me te whakatata mai o te solder paste, ka taea e ngā whirinaki te whakapai i ngā pūtake me ngā hua o te whakapai. Ko te whakapakari anamata hei whakamana i te mea ko ngā hoa katoa o te rōpū nei e mōhio ana ki ngā tikanga matua me te āhei hoki ki te whakahaere i te solder paste nui ai, kāore i te whakaititia i te pai.
Ki te kīhai ake te mōhio ki ngā whakauru me ngā painga o ia taonga, ka nui te whakaheke i te whiriwhiringa o te solder paste tōtika mō ō uara.
Te Lead-Free Sn99Ag0.3Cu0.7 No.4 Powder Tin Solder Paste he whakahoahoa tēnei mō ngā tono PCB. Ko tana whakawhitinga e āhatutia ana he pūnui o te 99% pūtaiari, 0.3% hīneru, me te 0.7% kanetera, e whai ake nei i te pai rawa o te kawe rorohiko me te kawe wera. Ko tenei tuatua kore-pūtauare he pai noa iho ki te taiao, ā, e tika ana hei whakamahi mō ngā whakapuawaitanga matihiko nui e hiahiatia ana ngā mahi whakaritenga. He pai nui tēnei mō ngā tono e hiahiatia ana te pai me te wehewehe, ka pau katoa ki ngā paerewa mō te hanga whakaritenga 'green'.
Mō ngā mahi whakaritenga me te take kotahi tuatahi, ko te Tin Lead Sn63Pb37 Welding Paste he karo pai tēnei. Ko te pūhoro whakapā he pai tōna āhuatanga mō te tuhi SMT, me te wāhitanga o 63% pūtoru me 37% poutama, e hika tonu ana ki ngā tono iti i ngā momo whakamahinga iti-āporo, kāore i te hiahia ki te hokiwhiti hei whanake. Ki te wānanga nui ake te wāhanga whakamahi me te tiarii, ka mutu ko ia te karo nui ake i waenganui i ngā tohunga e mahi ana i ngā raraunga tuatahitia. E mohio ana mā te pai o ōna āhuatanga whakapai, ka taea te hanga hononga pai me te pai o te whakawaha.
Kei roto i ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana te whakapā i te wera iti, ko te Pūhoro Whakapā Wera Iti Tin Lead Sn60Pb40 e ngangahua ana. He whakarite āhuatanga taketake e noho ana i te 60% pūhāngina me te 40% pūpū, kia taea e ia te mahi pai i te wāhi wehe uha kaore i te whanonga o te mataku ki te paerau whakapiri rānei, ko te tari rānei. Nui rawa ake tēnei miro hei whakamahi i ngā tono e kore nei e taea ana te hoko i ngā momo huringa nui, tirotirohia ai te mate urupa wehewehe.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te Sn55pb45 Pūhāngina Pūpū Whakapiri he whakariterite tēnei mō ngā tono PCB LED me ngā āhuatanga rama pūtoko. E takoto ana i tētahi whakaeke e pāngia ana i te 55% tin me te 45% lead, ko tana whakahaere kaha e taea ana te hanga i ngā hononga ā-wairua nui e hiahiatia ana mō ngā LEDs. E manaakitia nei tēnei pūkepana mō tana taurangi ki te nui o ngā rauemi, me te tiwhikete i te whaihua whakamutunga e whai ake nei i ngā kaupapa rama, whakaaweawe mai ana hei tōpū ake mō ngā toihautū rama me ngā ingeniā.
Nō reira, kei ēnei mahi, he uru ora nui ngā painga e whakarite ana ki ngā hiahia īwangi, āhei ana te hunga toitū i roto i te whenua ki ō rātau whakapuaki taurangi me te whaihua nui i roto i ngā mahi tāpuhi.
Ko te whakarāpopototanga, ko te pai o te pūkeke hāpūtai e tārewa ana i te mahi pai o te hāpūtai. Ko te whakaaro nui ki ngā tikanga matua mō te rorohu me te kawe ake i te wā e whakamahia ana hei whakamana i te mana o te pūkeke hāpūtai, ā, e whakapai ana hoki i te mahi hāpūtai. Ki te whakaae i ēnei atu hiranga, ka taea e ngā whakamahi te whai wāhi i ngā hua pai me te pai o te hāpūtai.
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