Nga utu tini o nehe

Ko te utu o te tīnana kei te whakamātau i te kaiwhakariki ā-wheako, ā, e rerekē ana te nui o te whakaaro o ngā tohetohe taonga ki te utu tīnana. Whakamuri atu ki te wehewehenga o te tīnana i ngā tekau tau i mua, me āheitia nei, ko te tūranga me te hurihuri o ngā utu tīnana e tata ana ki ngā huringa o te huarere pūoro, e whakaatu ana i tēnei ka noho te whakarite utu tīnana i mua i te manaaki i te tono. Ki te whai wāhi ake te whanaketanga o ngā mahi pūrorohiko i waenga i ngā tekau tau i mua, ka whakahōpai i te whaihua o te tono tīnana, ā, ka puta mai ngā tohetohe tono, ā, ka whai nui ake te nui o te whakaaro o ngā huringa tono ki te utu tīnana. I te tūrangi mai i te tīmata o te 23, he rerekē nui i waenganui i te huarere pūoro me te tūrangi o te utu tīnana, ka whakaae au he mea nui nei ko te huringa tono o te pono mō te whakakore haumaru i te whenua Wa me ngā kaupapa hou iti i te maha tau e toru i mua. Ko te anga whakamua, ka tūpato au ki te whai wāhi ake o te tono tīnana, ā, ka tautoko te tono kikino i te whakanuitanga o te tūponotanga o te utu tīnana me te tautoko i te tukutahi o te tūrangi o te utu tīnana.

Ko te taenga ki te tau 2000: I nui noa atu te whiwhinga i te pūtake tinana o te rauti, ka hurihia mai i te kaiwhakarite rauti ki te whakamahere kaiwhakapā. Ko te puta āheinga o te aliminium, o te poraka, me ngā rauemi whakapā hanga hoki, ka kitea i te itinga o te hiahia ki te rauti, ko te kupu tataki hoki o te rauti ka heke iho te whakamahi anake, ka mutu i tēnei wāhi, ka heke tonu i te wā ka hurihia te paunga me te whakamutunga o te whakamahi rauti ki te whenua matihiko me te rauemi purengia.

Kaupeka 2009-2012: Whakatika pūnaha rorohiko me te whakatūhanga i ngā puhipuhi tin, ka hikina ngā utu tin ki tētahi taumata hou. Muri i te kaiwhainga moni, ko te nana herehere moni i whakapakari atu me te whakatūhanga ā-wāhanga o ngā paepae toha, ka whakatika atu te pūnaha rorohiko i te heke i mua, ka whai wā ka whai take, me te whakangahu i te tono moana moana, ahakoa i te iti nei i te whakatūhanga i ngā puhipuhi tin, ka whānui ake te kōwhiringa i waenganui i te tuku me te tono, ka whakamahia he 200% ki te whakatūhanga i ngā utu tin.

I te tauhere 2016-2018, i whakangungu ngā pūnaha whakaiti ā-tahi + te hoki whakamuri o ngā tono ki te utu pūtai. I muri i ētahi tau, i whai wā ka nui ake te whakainu i te taimana i te tau 2014, ka whakaheke te hanga o te rorohiko o ngā tiropīhi i te waewae iti, me te whakaheke hoki i te utu pūtai. Ki runga i te whakawhitinga o ngā utu pūtai mo ētahi tau, i te kauwhata tuarua o te tau 2016, i whakaaetia e ngā iwa o ngā whakaputurua pūtai i tēnei motu te whakangungu i te whakapuaki i te hunga 17,000 kōrero, i te waekai tuatoru ka timata ngā purengi taiao ki te whakarite i ngā tohu, me te hoki whakamuri hoki i te tono i roto i te marae rorohiko i te waenga o te tau. Mai i te mutunga o te tau 2018 ki te mutunga o te tau 2019, i whakapā ai e te pakanga tāraiti Sina-Hoa Rere, ka whakaheke noa te rorohiko o ngā tiropīhi, me te whakaheke hoki i ngā utu pūtai.

I te tau 2020 ki te kotahi nei: ko te kai whatu pūtango me te kai whatu pūtango whakarite i te tirohanga mēngi, ka hoki anō te whenua o ngā whakahaere tuatahi, ā, ko te pūnaha matatini e whakaū ana i te ara o te pūtake me te tūponotanga. I muri i ngā tau 18-19 o te heke, mai i te marama 9 o Poutūterangi 14, ko ngā whare whatu pūtango i roto o te motu i whakaaetia kētia te mahi i te hunga 20,200 kīwī, ko Te Whare Whatu Tianma o Inonesia i kētia te mahi i tōna wā 10,000 kīwī; Mai i te tau 2020, ko te COVID i whakamahere i te kaihoko i roto o te kāinga, i whakawhitiwhiti i te kaiwhatu pūtango i roto i te ao matihiko. Ko te tirohanga mēngi i whakangungu, ko te tono whakangungu, ko te takutai LME i riro tonu i te iti, ko te utu pūtango i whakapae atu ki te whakatipu nui, i te $45,105 te kīwī i waenganui o ngā tau rua i muri i te marama o Aperira 2020, he whitu tekau pai ake. I te tau 2022, i te wāhanga o te tono iti i roto o ngā wāhanga whakamutunga katoa e whai take ana i te taiao matua o te whakaputuao o Mekka, ka hīmata ai ngā kaiwhatu pūtango, ka heke tonu te utu pūtango, ko te heke i waenganui o ngā pūnaha i waenganui i te 60%.

Te akituanga tūroa: te whakatipu o ngā uara me te huinga kore, e tūtono ana te uru tinana o te tīnei ki te whakatōru. Kei te mihi atu ki ngā tau 2-3 e heke mai, kāpā ai te whakararu i te whenua o waho, ko ētahi iti noaiho mahi hanga tīnei hou, ka rerekē rawa te korohunga tīnei o te ao, ka whakamātau ake te pūkaha matihiko, ko te huinga tata e tū tonu nei hei whakatika mō te tono, kei te whakatika ngā pūrongo nui. Kia whakaaetia e ITA, kei te whakatipu te utu katoa mō te hanga tīnei o te ao, me te whakatōru o te uru tīnei. Nā ITA, ko te utu moni o te ao mō ngā tāngata tīnei i te tau 2022 i te 50%, 75% me te 90% he US $11,418 / ton, US $18,534 / ton me te US $23,171 / ton, nā reira. Kei te whakaaro, ko te 50%, 75% me te 90% i te tau 2030, ko 16,625 US dollars/ton, 23,964 US dollars/ton, 36,290 US dollars/ton, nā reira.