Nga horopaki me te maramataka o te tini

He maeneene te konumohe, he māmā te piko, he māwhero hiriwa, he māwhero, he 231.89 te wāhi rewa ℃ , te wāhi kohua 2260 ℃ , kāore i te waikura. Ko te Tin te tuawha o ngā huānga nui i roto i te ripanga ā-tau, tau ngota 50, taumaha ngota 118.71, tohu huānga Sn, ko te Tin he m ka taea te whakaū i te pāmahana o te ruma. I te 100 °C, he tino pai te ātaahua, ā, ka taea te whakawhanake ki te pepa tine tino angiangi, e taea ana te angiangi ki te 0.04 mm iti iho rānei. Engari he tino rawakore te ductility, ka pakaru te hopu, kaore e taea te toia ki roto i te waea pai.

I te wā anō, he whakarewa te tīni e wehi ana i te makariri me te wera, ā, he rerekē rawa te āhua o te tīni i ngā pāmahana rerekē.

Ko te tine i te awhe pāmahana o 13.2 ~ 161 ° C, ko te āhua o te tine te tino pūmau, e kiia ana ko te "tiniti ma".

Mēnā ka heke iho te pāmahana ki raro iho i te 13.2 ° C, ka huri āta haere te tine ki te paura māmā pēnei i te pungarehu waro. Āta i te -33 ℃ i te aroaro rānei o te tote whero (SnCl4 •2NH4Cl) whakarongoa kohu, ka nui ake te āheinga o tēnei panoni. Ko tēnei "mate" o te pūtahi ka taea hoki te whiriwhiria ki ētahi atu pūtēa "matekore", ā, mā te mea ko te pūtēa karaka e tūhono ana i te pūtēa nihoi, ahakoa iti noa te tūhonotanga, ka horoia te pūtēa karaka ki te pūtēa nihoi. I whakaaetia tēnei kōrero hei mate pūtēa. Nā te mea ka ora anō te pūtēa i te wā e whakamahia ana i a ia, ka whakahokia mai. Ko te take mo te mate pūtēa, nā te hurihanga i te kāwai whatu o te pūtēa: ki te wā e riro ana i te werawera, he kāwai tapatoru te whatu o te pūtēa, e titiro ana he pūtēa karaka. Ki te pīrangi koe i tētahi rama pūtēa, ka kite ai koe i te reira nei he reo whisst, nā te mea ka rokiroki ngā whatu tapatoru o te pūtēa karaka i te wā e pīrangi ana. Nā te mea ko te pūtēa ka mate i te tonga, me āta whakamārama kia kaua e tahua i te pūtēa i te makariri. He maha ngā raraunga i whakapīrangiaki ana i te pūtēa, ka kaua e tahua ki te makariri. I te tau 1912, ka haere tētahi kīanga o waho ki te kīanga ki Te Kairangi, ko ngā papa inu pātiti i whakapīrangiaki ai i te pūtēa, i te waipara o Te Kairangi, ka hurihia te pātiti ki te pūtēa nihoi, ka puta te pātiti katoa.

Ko te hinu he mea nui i te whakamahana, ahakoa te manaaki huarangi. Kei runga i te 161 ℃ , kua hurihia te hinu ma i te tinana o te rautaki raraunga o te raraunga. Ko te tinana o te raraunga he mea nui raweke, ka matakaka ki te piki mai, ko te whatitanga he iti noa, e titiro ana hei "hinu herehere" .

Ko ngā tinana toru o te hinu nei: ko te hinu ma, ko te hinu parauri me te hinu herehere, ko ngā taupānga tētahi iho: Ko te hinu ma he whānui, ko ngā taupānga ā-kōrero: a=0.5832nm, c=0.3181nm, he tāngata Sn 4 i roto i te kōrero, ko te tipu 7.28g/cm³, ko te kanohi 2;

Ko te hinu parauri he raraunga whakarara, ko te tinana o te raraunga kōwhiri me ngā taupānga ā-kōrero: a=0.6489nm, he tāngata Sn 8 i roto i te kōrero, ko te tipu 5.75g/cm³.

Ko te hinu herehere he tinana whakarara, ko te tipu 6.54g/cm³.

He tāngata 14 o te hinu, he tāngata 10 o te whenua: hinu 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 124.

Kei te whai katoa ngā āhuatanga keimika o te pūtahi, kaore i te waimarie ki te whakamahana i te waehu, me noho tonu ia i tōna tae werawera. Ka hangaia he kiri rongoata o tin dioxide i runga i te mata o te pūtahi i roto i te hau, ka noho ake ai tēnei kiri hei tiaki i te pūtahi. Ka whanake te whakareatanga o te pūtahi i te waewae whakamahana. Ka puta te tin tetrahalide i mua o te whakapāpā i waenganui i te pūtahi me te halogen. Ko tērā anō te reatanga mai i te pūtahi me te kāwanatanga; Kei te whakaheke pūtahi i te wai, kei te tahuhu i te whakareatanga i roto i ngā ārai iti, kei te tahuhu rawa atu i te whakareatanga i roto i ngā ārai nui; Ka whakaheke te pūtahi i roto i te rorohiko whakahirahira; Ka kitea e ia te kawe kōwhiri i roto i ngā momo rorohiko whakahirahira, pērā i te ferric chloride me te zinc chloride.